Tuesday, July 3, 2018

ENGLISH MORAL STORIES

These stories are re-uploaded from the book titled Short Stories for Children for Spoken English Program (Youth for Seva)


SAND AND STONE 

A story tells that two friends were walking through the desert. During some point of the journey they had an argument, and one friend slapped the other one in the face. The one who got slapped was hurt, but without saying anything, wrote in the sand: “TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE.”

They kept on walking until they found an oasis, where they decided to take a bath. The one, who had been slapped, got stuck in the mire and started drowning, but the friend saved him. After the friend recovered from the near drowning, he wrote on a stone: “TODAY MY BEST FRIEND SAVED MY LIFE.”

The friend who had slapped and saved his best friend asked him, “After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand and now, you write on a stone, why?” The other friend replied: “When someone hurts us, we should write it down in sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But, when someone does something good for us, we must engrave it in stone where no wind can ever erase it.

” LEARN TO WRITE YOUR HURTS IN THE SAND, AND TO CARVE YOUR BENEFITS IN STONE 


MOUNTAIN 

"A son and his father were walking on the mountains. Suddenly, his son falls, hurts himself and screams: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!"
To his surprise, he hears the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain: "AAAhhhhhhhhhhh!!!" 
Curious, he yells: "Who are you?"
He receives the answer: "Who are you?" 
And then he screams to the mountain: "I admire you!" 
The voice answers: "I admire you!" 
Angered at the response, he screams: "Coward!" 
He receives the answer: "Coward!" 
He looks to his father and asks: "What's going on?"
The father smiles and says: "My son, pay attention."
Again the man screams: "You are a champion!" 
The voice answers: "You are a champion!" 
The boy is surprised, but does not understand.

 Then the father explains: "People call this ECHO, but really this is LIFE. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is simply a reflection of our actions. If you want more love in the world, create more love in your heart. If you want more competence in your team, improve your competence. This relationship applies to everything, in all aspects of life; Life will give you back everything you have given to it." 
 YOUR LIFE IS NOT A COINCIDENCE. IT'S A REFLECTION OF YOU!" 


TWO FROGS 
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods, and two of them fell into a deep pit. When the other frogs saw how deep the pit was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as dead. 

The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump up out of the pit with all their might. The other frogs kept telling them to stop, that they were as good as dead.
Finally, one of the frogs took heed to what the other frogs were saying and gave up. He fell down and died.

The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs yelled at him to stop the pain and just die.
He jumped even harder and finally made it out. 
When he got out, the other frogs said, “Did you not hear us?” 
The frog explained to them that he was deaf. He thought they were encouraging him the entire time. 

NEVER LISTEN TO THOSE DISCOURAGE YOU, WHEN YOU ARE SURE YOU ARE DOING GOOD THINGS, KEEP IT UP!



THE WIND AND THE SUN  

Once the Wind and the Sun had an argument. “I am stronger than you,” said the Wind.
“No, you are not,” said the Sun. 
Just at that moment they saw a traveler walking across the road. He was wrapped in a shawl. The Sun and the Wind agreed that whoever could separate the traveller from his shawl was stronger.

The Wind took the first turn. He blew with all his might to tear the traveller’s shawl from his shoulders. But the harder he blew, the tighter the traveller gripped the shawl to his body. The struggle went on till the Wind’s turn was over.

Now it was the Sun’s turn. The Sun smiled warmly. The traveller felt the warmth of the smiling Sun. Soon he let the shawl fall open. The Sun’s smile grew warmer and warmer... hotter and hotter. Now the traveller no longer needed his shawl. He took it off and dropped it on the ground. The Sun was declared stronger than the Wind.  
Moral: Brute force can’t achieve what a gentle smile can. 


AS YOU SOW, SO SHALL YOU REAP 

 One night, three thieves stole a lot of money from a rich man’s house. They put the money in a bag and went to the forest. They felt very hungry. So, one of them went to a nearby village to buy food. The other two remained in the forest to take care of the bag of money. 

The thief that went for food had an evil idea. He ate his food at a hotel. Then he bought food for his two mates in the forest. He mixed a strong poison with the food. He thought, “Those two will eat this poisoned food and die. Then I will get all the money for myself.” 

Meanwhile, the two wicked men in the forest decided to kill their mate on return. They thought that they would divide the money between the two of them. All the three wicked men carried out their cruel plans. 

The thief who wanted all the money for himself came to the forest with the poisoned food. The two men in the forest hit him and killed him. Then they ate the poisoned food and died. Thus, these evil people met with an evil end. 

 Moral: Evil begets evil 



THE VILLAGER AND THE SPECTACLES  

There was a villager. He was illiterate. He did not know how to read and write. He often saw people wearing spectacles for reading books or papers. He thought, “If I have spectacles, I can also read like these people. I must go to town and buy a pair of spectacles for myself.” 

So one day he went to a town. He entered a spectacles shop He asked the shopkeeper for a pair of spectacles for reading. The shopkeeper gave him various pairs of spectacles and a book. The villager tried all the spectacles one by one. But he could not read anything. He told the shopkeeper that all those spectacles were useless for him. 

The shopkeeper gave him a doubtful look. Then he looked at the book. It was upside down! The shopkeeper said, “Perhaps you don’t know how to read.” The villager said, “No, I don’t. I want to buy spectacles so that I can read like others. But I can’t read with any of these spectacles.” 

The shopkeeper controlled his laughter with great difficulty when he learnt the real problem of his illiterate customer. He explained to the villager, “My dear friend, you are very ignorant. Spectacles don’t help to read or write. They only help you to see better. First of all you must learn to read and write.”  

Moral: Ignorance is blindness. 



THE FARMER AND HIS SONS 
 A farmer had five sons. They were strong and hardworking. But they always quarrelled with one another. Sometimes, they even fought. The farmer wanted his sons to stop quarrelling and fighting. He wanted them to live in peace. Plain words of advice or scolding did not have much effect on these young people.

 The farmer always thought what to do to keep his sons united. One day he found an answer to the problem. So he called all his sons together. He showed them a bundle of sticks and said, “I want any of you to break these sticks without separating them from the bundle.” Each of the five sons tried one by one. They used their full strength and skill. But none of them could break the sticks. 

Then the old man separated the sticks and gave each of them just a single stick to break. They broke the sticks easily. The farmer said, “A single stick by itself is weak. It is strong as long as it is tied up in a bundle. Likewise, you will be strong if you are united. You will be weak if you are divided.”  
Moral: United we stand, Divided we fall. 


BIRBAL THE WISE 
One day, a rich merchant came to Birbal. He said to Birbal, “I have seven servants in my house. One of them has stolen my bag of precious pearls. Please find out the thief.” So Birbal went to the rich man’s house. 

He called all the seven servants in a room. He gave a stick to each one of them. Then he said, “These are magic sticks. Just now all these sticks are equal in length. Keep them with you and return tomorrow. If there is a thief in the house, his stick will grow an inch longer by tomorrow.” 

The servant who had stolen the bag of pearls was scared. He thought, “If I cut a piece of one inch from my stick, I won’t be caught.” So he cut the stick and made it shorter by one inch. The next day Birbal collected the sticks from the servants. He found that one servant’s stick was short by an inch. Birbal pointed his finger at him and said, “Here is the thief.” The servant confessed to his crime. He returned the bag of pearls. He was sent to jail. 


When King Chow ordered chopsticks made of ivory, Chi Tzu was most perturbed. For he feared that once the king had ivory chopsticks he would not be contend with earthenware, but would want cups of rhinoceros horn and jade ; and instead of beans and vegetables, he would insist on such delicacies as elephant's tail and baby leopard. He would hardly be willing either to wear rough homespun or live under a thatched roof, but would demand silks and splendid mansions.

" It is fear of what this will lead to " said Chi Tzu, " that upsets me. "

Five years later, indeed, King chow had a garden filled with meat, tortured his subjects with hot irons, and caroused in a lake of wine. And so he lost his kingdom.




Monday, July 2, 2018

ENGLISH CONVERSATION

Learn to say it!
Created by Lusiana Sutanto

0 INTRODUCE YOURSELF AND YOUR FAMILY
1 Hallo Hello
2 Nama saya Kenan My name is Kenan
3 Siapa namamu What is your name?
4 Di mana kamu tinggal Where do you live?
5 Berapa lama kamu sudah di sini? How long have you been here?
6 Apakah kamu suka Indonesia? Do you like Indonesia?
7 Bisakah kamu berbahasa Indonesia? Can you speak Indonesian?
8 Bisakah kamu berbahasa Mandarin? Can you speak Chinese?
9 Mari aku kenalkan istriku Let me introduce my wife
10 Namanya adalah Katherine Her name is Katherine
11 Ini adalah anak saya This is my child (kalau anaknya Cuma satu)
12 Namanya Sandra Her name is Sandra
13 Saya punya 2 anak I have two children
14
15 PERSONAL QUESTIONS!!!  (Biasanya orang barat tidak suka ditanya ttg hal2 pribadi)
16 Berapa umurmu? How old are you?
17 Apakah kamu sudah menikah? Are you married?
18 Tidak, saya masih lajang No, I am single.
19 Ya, saya sudah menikah dan punya 2 anak. Yes, I am married with two children.
20
21 FEELING
22 Apakah kamu lapar? Are you hungry?
23 Apakah kamu haus? Are you thirsty?
24 Apakah kamu lelah? Are you tired?
25 Apakah kamu mengantuk? Are you sleepy?
26 Apakah kamu marah? Are you angry?
27 Apakah kamu marah dg aku? Are you angry with me?
28 Ya Yes, I am
29 Tidak No,I am not/I am okay
30
31 Saya suka kamu I like you
32 Saya suka kamu juga I like you too
33 Maukah kau menikah dgku? Will you marry me?
34 Ya.. Yes, I will
35
36 EATING TOGETHER
37 Ayo kita makan bersama Let us eat.
38 Saya akan traktir kamu I will treat you
39 Jangan, kita bayar masing2 saja No, let's go dutch.
40 Oke Okay
41
42 Ayo kita makan bersama Let us eat.
43 Saya akan traktir kamu I will treat you
44 Tidak,kali ini saya yg bayar No, this time it is on me.
45 Oke, makasih Okay, thanks
46
47 I AM NOT WELL
48 Apakah kamu baik2 saja? Are you okay?
49 Saya tidak enak badan I am not well
50 Sudah ke dokter? Have you seen a doctor?
51 Tidak, tapi saya sudah minum obat No, but I have taken medication
52
53 WHAT TIME IS IT
54 Jam berapa sekarang What time is it?
55 Jam 1  It is one o'clock
56 1.15 It is a quarter past one
57 2.30 It is two thirty.
58 3.45 It is a quarter to four.
59
60 I AM LATE
61 Maaf saya terlambat I am sorry for being late.
62 Tidak apa2 It's okay
63
64 Ayo cepat Please hurry up
65 Kita akan ketinggalan pesawat We will miss the plane
66 Kita akan ketinggalan kereta We will miss the train
67 Kita akan terlambat berhimpun We will be late for the meeting
68
69 HAVE YOU DONE...
70 Sudahkan kamu mempersiapkan MP-nya Have you prepared the watchtower?
71 Sudahkan kamu mengerjakan PR-mu Have you done your homework?
72 Sudahkan kamu memasak makan malam Have cook dinner?
73
74 CAN YOU HELP ME PLEASE
75 Bisakah kamu membantu PR-ku? Can you help me with my homework?
76 PR-nya apa? What homework?
77 Matematika It's maths
78 Coba saya lihat dulu apa saya bisa apa tidak Let me see if I can help you
79
80 Apa yg bisa kubantu What can I help?
81 Bisakah kau mengupas wortelnya? Can you peel the carrot?
82 Bisakah merebus air? Can you boil water?
83 Bisakah kau goreng ikannya? Can you fry the fish?
84 Bisakah kau ambilkan aku lap? Can you get me the napkin?
85 Bisakah kau bereskan meja makannya? Can you prepare the table?
86 Bisakah kau lap piringnya? Can you wipe the plates?
87 Bisakah kau ambilkan air putih? Can you get me drinking water?
88 Ya, tentu Yes, of course.
89
90 PRICES AND BARGAINING
91 Berapa semuanya? How much altogether?
92 Rp. 125.000 It is 125.000 rupiah
93
94 Berapa harga tomat 1 kilo? How much is one kilo of tomatoes?
95 15.000 rupiah It is fifteen thousand rupiahs.
96 Bisa kurang ga? Can  you come down a bit?
97 13.000 boleh ga? Thirteen thousand a kilo, okay?
98 Sori ga bisa kurang lagi Sorry it is a fixed price.
99 Oke, kalo gitu saya ambil 1 kilo aja Okay, then I take one kilo only.
100
101 WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO WATCH
102 Apakah kamu suka nonton TV? Do you like watching TV?
103 Tidak, aku lebih suka nonton bioskop No, I prefer going to the cinema
104 Tidak, saya lebih suka nonton youtube No, I prefer watching on youtube
105 Oya? Kamu suka nonton apa? Really, what do you like to watch?
106 Saya suka film detektif I like detective movies
107 Saka suka program memasak I like cooking program
108
109 SCHOOL
110 Mata pelajaran apa yg kamu sukai What kind of subject do you like?
111 Saya suka matematika I like maths
112 Masa? Really?
113 Saya benci matematika I hate maths
114 Matematika susah Maths is difficult
115 Saya suka bahasa Inggris I like English
116 Saya suka bahasa mandarin I like Mandarin
117
118 Siapa guru kelas kamu? Who is your class teacher?
119 Mr. Phillip It's Mr. Phillip
120 Apakah dia guru yg baik? Is he a good teacher?
121 Ya, semua murid suka dg dia Yes, all of the students like him
122
123 LOST
124 Saya tersesat I am lost
125 Bisakah kau memberi tahu saya saya ada di mana Can you tell me where I am?
126 Kamu ada di Jalan Kartini You are on jalan Kartini
127 Ke mana kamu mau pergi Where are you going?
128 Saya mau ke Plaza Indonesia I want to go to Plaza Indonesia
129 Bisakah kau memberi tahu aku cara ke sana? Can you tell me how to get there?
130 Yang paling gampang adalah naik taxi The easiest way is to take taxi
131 Apakah saya bisa naik bus? Can I take the bus?
132 Ya, naik mikrolet sampai halte Trans Jakarta  Yes,take this blue public car to the nearest Trans Jakarta station
133 Di halte naik bus jurusan Blok M At the station take the bus that goes to Block M
134 Makasih banyak Thank you so much
135 Sama2 No, problem.
136
137 Berapa harga tiketnya? How much is the ticket?
138
139 COOKING
140 Apakah kamu bisa memasak? Can you cook?
141 Saya suka memasak I love cooking
142 Saya tidak suka memasak I don't like cooking
143
144 Apa yg kamu suka masak? What do you like to cook?
145 Saya suka memasak daging sapi I like to cook beef
146 Saya suka mie goreng I like to cook fried rice
147 kuetiaw rice noodles
148 ayam goreng fried chicken
149 gado-gado vegetables with peanut sauce
150 sup ayam chicken soup
151
152 BORED...
153 Saya bosan I am bored
154 Ayo kita ke mall Let's go to the mall
155 Aku tidak suka mall I don't like malls
156 Kalau gitu kita ke taman saja Let's go to the park
157 Kita mau ngapain ke taman What are we going to do there?
158 Jalan2 saja Just take a walk
159 Males ah I am too lazy to do that
160 Kita nonton aja Why don't we watch a movie?
161 Aku ga punya uang I do not have money
162 Kita nonton online saja Let's watch online movie
163 Ada ide mau nonton apa Any idea what to watch?
164 Gimana kalau The Greatest Showman How about The Greatest Showman
165 Aku udah nonton I have watched the movie
166 Gimana kalau The Fallen Kingdom How about The Fallen Kingdom
167 Tentang apa tuh? What is it about?
168 Tentang dinasaurus It's about dinosaurs
169 Betapa membosankan How boring!!
170 Ya udah lah aku ga bisa bantu! Then I can  not help...


Sunday, July 1, 2018

English Summary of a movie A War Horse

Summary of a movie A War Horse


WAR HORSE

A boy named Albert Naracott saw a mother horse giving birth to a baby horse in a farm. After a few minutes the baby horse could walk and run together with his mother.
A few months later, the young horse was separated from its mother when the farm owner decided to sell it in an auction in the market. It was a sad moment to see the young horse refuse to leave its mother.

Mr. Narcotti saw this horse in an auction and thought that this was a handsome and strong horse. He won the auction by paying 30 guineas, a three folds price of the usual horse.  
When he took the horse home, his wife scolded him. She said that 30 guneas was too much for a horse. At that time Albert came and saw the horse. He was excited to see that this was the same horse he fell in love with a few months before. The horse that the birth he saw in the farm. He promised he would train the horse.

He played with the horse, talked to him and trained him to come when he called him the way an Indian called his horse- using a sound produced by one’s mouth while putting together both of your palms as if you are praying in front of your mouth. First he horse didn’t understand but after a few attempts it worked. The horse recognized the calling of its master.

Meanwhile Mr. Narcotti had to pay his landowner . He had been given a certain time to pay the rent of the land, if he didn’t want to lose the land, he had to start ploughing the stony land which the neighbors thought impossible to do.

With the help of the young Narcotti and the horse, Joey- that’s what Albert named the horse- they could plough and plant the land with turnips. They grew so nicely until one night a heavy rain ruined the growing turnips and destroyed their only hope to pay off the land.

The time he had to pay the rent of the land had come. Mr. Narcotti decided to sell the horse to pay the rent. Albert was surprised when he couldn’t find the horse in the barn. He ran all the way to the market to stop the father to sell the horse. But it was too late the horse had just been sold to a commander of English soldiers by 35 guineas. Albert tried to cancel the deal by asking the commander to return the horse. With a pleading face he asked his father to return the money and promised that after he got a job he would pay off his father. But the commander kindly told Albert that he would take good care of Joey and promised if possible return to him when the war was over.
Joey was trained by the army horse trainer and turned out to be the fastest horse in the army. The commander was proud of the horse. He still remembered Albert who sadly sold Joey to him so  he  wrote a letter to Albert to make him proud of Joey. He also drew him a picture of Joey as a present.
Unfortunatelly the commander was killed in action when fighting the Germans and all living horses were taken by Germans’ army, including Joey.

Gunther who was a horse keeper in army knew how good Joey was. He, not wanting to let his brother to die in the war, wanted to kidnap his stubborn brother, who was only 14 years old from the army’s march. He used Joey and another horse to kidnap his brother.
After kidnapping the brother, both of them hid in an upstair room of a windmill. They also hid the horses there, downstair. A few hours later there was a bright-blinding- light shining the windmill’s window. The door was opened and guns were pointed to them and they shot them for running away from the army. The horses were safe.


The next day Emillie, the grandaughter of the owner of the windmill, found the horses. She was excited and treated the horses well. She trained the horses to jump and treated them as her friends to which she told her problems and her love stories.

One day the German army knew about the horses and took the horses away for war. Emilie was devastated as her new friends were taken away from her by force.
Joey saw how other horses died, exhausted from being forced to carry heavy artilery of the German’a army.  Many were shot because they were sick. On one march Joey’s friend was dying because of exhaustion. This made the Germany who cared for the horses felt pity, he brought Joey and his friend to rest. How sad to see Joey’s friend fell down and slowly died... Suddenly there was a sound of boom... This made Joey panicked and he ran away frantically from the Germany... Ran and ran in the middle of rain of gunshoots and kicked everything in his way and kept running until he was trap in the barbed wired fences that separated Germany’s  and English’s demarcations.

One English soldier saw Joey, felt pity and took courage to save the horse by crossing the demarcation lines while flagging the white flag, hoping that the Germany would not hit him. He was shot 1 or two times but missed. Finally the Germany realized that this soldier came to save the horse, not to sneak to their camp. One of Germanies was even lending a hand to save the wounded horse.
After being rescued the horse was kept in English’s camp. The condition was not so good and the doctor of the army suggested that the horse be killed for fear of developing  tetanus from the wound. The soldier who rescued the horse was dissapointed after losing the argument with the army’s doctor. In front of the crowd of soldiers, the doctor was ready to shot Joey dead....

Three years before this happened, Albert volunteered himself to join the army. He fought bravely and saved one of his friends there. But in one occassion the camp was attacked and there was gas... He was safe but lost his sight and he had to rest in another camp, the same camp where Joey was taken.
Hearing that there was a horse taken to camp, he instictively remember Joey, and moved to call him by whistling the way an Indian called his horse. He told the others that he wanted to see the horse... The crowd gave him a way while he was walking toward the horse while making the whistling voice.
Joey recognized the calling, turned his head to the calling. This made the doctor surprised and curious, so he let the horse walk toward Albert. And once he was close enough, Albert patted him, hug his head and spoke to him gently. The crowd cheered.

The calling was not enough to prove that Joey belonged to Albert. Albert had to give other characteristics that would match with the horse. Out of memory,Albert, still with the eyes blindfolded, mentioned that the was a white spot in the middle of the forehead of the horse and at the bottom of all of the four legs there were white colors.

So the doctor wiped the dirty forehead of the horse and saw the white spot, exactly at the location that Albert mentioned. Then a soldier carried a bucket of water to wash the muddy legs of the horse. One by one the legs were washed and the white colors appeared and proved that the horse really belonged to Albert. Albert explained that the horse had joined the war because a commander bought it from him. So the doctor made a decision that the horse had to be treated and healed as one of the soldiers.
After the war, the English army decided that all horses should be auctioned, including Albert’s horse. It saddened Albert because he didn’t have enough money to buy back the horse. Many soldiers gave their money to help Albert to buy back Joey.

 The grandpa of Emillie heard about the auction and saw that one of the horses was Joey. The horse that Emillie fell in love with. He wanted to bring happiness to Emillie and he bid the highest price for Joey. Albert, even with all od his money and the donations, lost the bid.
Joey was given to Emmilie’s grandfather.  Albert, who was sad, tried to persuade the old man to take all of his money and returned the horse to him in addition of the extra money that would be paid later when Albert earned money from his future job. The old man first refused, but after listening to the story of the horse and the bound that existed between them, he gave the horse back to Albert and he even asked Albert to keep his money.... Joey was back with Albert. Both of them returned home to Albert’s parents who were waiting anxiously their son, who returned from the war safely  
and miraculously brought  Joey back with him...

THE END



Thursday, June 28, 2018

MAT SMP Segitiga garis bagi

GARIS BAGI adalah garis yg membagi puncak segitiga menjadi 2 dg sama besar derajatnya.
Lihatlah sudut A dibagi 2 sama besar

Saturday, June 9, 2018

Makanan dan minuman saat sakit panas atau demam

Mencegah pilek, batuk dan kondisi tubuh yang hampir sakit, variasikan terapi berikut (JANGAN DICAMPUR OBAT DOKTER)

1.  Kombucha (asam basa penetral asam lambung)
2.  Yakult (membantu pencernaan)
3.  Rebusan sirih  (antibiotik alami)
4.  Lemon dan madu (pembunuh kuman yg efektif)
4. Rebusan temulawak (antibiotik alami)
5. Vitamin C (pencegah sariawan dan tubuh yg drop)
6. Watermelon frost (mengobati sariawan, pereda sakit tenggorokan)
7.  Bawang putih, jahe merah, cuka apel,lemon, madu (mengatasi pembuluh darah yg tersumbat, dan minum sekali2 utk memelihara kesehatan, terutama sth makan daging dan kuah berlemak)
8.  Lo Han kuo (mengatasi panas dalam)
9. Cincau
10. Air kelapa muda membuang racun dalam tubuh
11. Susu sapi murni (jangan tiap hari) utk penguat paru2

Mengatasi sakit lambung yg parah
Kepala kunyit 2 cm diparut diperas dg kain dan cairkan dg sedikit air hangat dan diminum langsung.
 Rebusan kunyit (terapi gangguan lambung)

Makanan dan minuman yg saya sediakan bg keluarga kalau lagi sakit demam
 Ini sih sekedar ide buah atau minuman yg membantu menurunkan panas. (Masing2 diberi jarak minumnya)...ini sekedar catatan saya saja ya...

1. Pocari sweat katanya cocok bagi yg sakit demam berdarah krn mengandung ion...
2. Air kelapa
3. Larutan kaki tiga
4. Buah pepaya
5. Dragon fruit
6. Agar2
7. Biskuit regal
8. Susu Bear brand
9. Kombucha
10. Gamat
11. WATER MELON FROST (ga ada di gambar)


Friday, June 8, 2018

SMP pemetaan dari 2 himpunan, fungsi dan relasi

Pemetaan itu apa sih?
Nah simak definisi berikut yg diambil dari https://atnamatika.wordpress.com/2013/01/11/fungsi-pemetaan/

Fungsi atau pemetaan adalah suatu relasi khusus antara dua himpunan, setiap anggota himpunan pertama(domain) dipasangkan tepat satu anggota himpunan kedua (kodomain/lawannya)

Nah...
Rumus utk menentukan banyaknya pemetaan dari 2 himpunan, misal Himpunan A {a,b,c}
Himpunan B {1,2,3,4,5}
Adalah banyaknya anggota B dipangkatkan dg byk nya anggota A
Atau dirumuskan sbg (n)B ^(n)A
Jadi 5 pangkat 3 = 125

Sedangkan banyaknya pemetaan yang mungkin dari himpunan B ke A , rumusnya juga sama, hanya tinggal dibalik yaitu (n)A ^(n)B artinya maka 
3 pangkat 5 = 3.3.3.3.3= 243

penjelasan yg sama dpt dilihat di video kak Wahyu dg link sbb:
https://youtu.be/v_kF2FqG-TY

Contoh soal SKL Genya Group hal 158 no.2
2. Diketahui A= {a,b,c} dan B={1,2,3,4,5}. Banyak pemetaan yg mungkin dari A ke B adalah...
A. 15.     C. 125
B. 32      D. 243
JAWAB : 5 ^3=125, jawabannya C

Pemetaan disebut juga sbg fungsi (x) dg (x) yg bisa diganti dg variabel yg lain, bia0sa dg angka atau huruf.

Contoh soal SKL Genta Group hal 158 no.1
1. Diketahui rumus f(x) = 2x - 5. Jika f(k)=-15, maka nilai k adalah...
A. -10
B. -5
C. 5.
D. 10
Jika f(k)=-15, ARTINYA x diganti dg K dan jika diterapkan rumus awal f(x) = 2x - 5 hasilnya adalah -15
 f(x) = 2x - 5.
 f(k) = 2k - 5 = -15
            2k      = -15+5
            2k      = -10
              k      = -5 ,jawabannya B

Contoh soal SKL Genta Group hal 158 kaji latih mandiri no.3
3. Fungsi f dinyatakan dengan rumus
f(x)= ax + b. Jika f(-4)= -11 dan f(0)= -3
Maka rumus fungsi tersebut...
A. 2x -3
B. 2x+3
C. 3x -2
D. 3x + 2
Rumus fungsi f(x)= ax + b.
f(-4)= -11  dan f(0)= -3 masukkan ke rumus dg mengganti x dg -4 menjadi
f(-4) = -4a + b = -11
f(0)  = a(0) + b =-3  _    lalu eliminasi b
           -4a        = -8
              a         = 2

Mencari nilai b dg memasukkan ke persamaan kedua (krn lebih mudah
f(0)  = a(0) + b =-3
          =2(0) + b= -3
                0  + b =-3
Jadi nilai a=2 dan b=-3, lalu masukkan ke rumus
f(x)= ax + b menjadi f(x)= 2x -3, jadi jawabannya A

Contoh SKL Genta Group hal 159 prediksi soal UN no.1
1. Suatu fungsi f di definisikan dengan
f(x) = 6x-9. Maka nilai f(-5) adalah...
A. -39
B. -49
C. 39
D. 49
         
f(-5)= 6.-5 -9
      = -30 -9
      = -39, jadi jawabannya adalah A.

2. Fungsi f dinyatakan dengan rumus
f(x) = 2(x-2). Nilai f(3a +3) adalah...
A. 3a - 2
B. 6a + 2
C. 6a +3
D. 3a + 2

f(x) = 2(x-2)
f(3a +3) = 2{(3a+3)-2}
              = 2 (3a +1 )
              = 6a + 2, jadi jawabannya B


3. Jika A(a, i, e, o, u) dan B (1, 2) maka himpunan pasangan berurutan yang merupakan pemetaan adalah
A. {(a,1), (i,1), (e,1), (o,1), (u,1)
B. {(a,2), (i,2), (e,2), (o,2), (a,1)
C. {(a,2), (i,1), (i,2), (o,1) , (u,2)
D. {(e,1),(i,1), (e,2), (o,2), (u,1)
Option B huruf a dipasangkan 2 kali
             C.             i.                         2
             D.             e.                        2
Jadi jawabannya A

Berikut ini contoh soal dari link brainly
https://brainly.co.id/tugas/2482529

Himpunan pasangan berurutan yang merupakan pemetaan di bawah ini adalah...
A.{(a, 1), (a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 3)}
B.{(a, 1), (b, 2), (c,2) , (d, 3)} 
C.{(a,1), (b,2), (c,2), (c,3)}

D.{(a,1), (b,1), (b,2), (c,3)}

Jawabannya adalah B. 
Alasannya adalah karena setiap anggota domain memilih tepat satu anggota kodomain 














Relasi himpunan
https://www.madematika.net/2017/09/pengertian-relasi-cara-menyatakan.html



Monday, June 4, 2018

SMP Banyaknya himpunan bagian dan himpunan bagian yg beranggotakan n

Himpunan bagian dari suatu himpunan
adalah himpunan2 kecil yg bisa dibentuk dari suatu himpunan,termasuk himpunan itu sendiri
Rumusnya adalah 2 ^n (2 pangkat jumlah anggota himpunan)

P {0,1} berapakah himpunan bagian yg bisa dibentuk dr himpunan P tersebut?
Menurut rumus adalah 2^2=4
Yaitu {}, {0}, {1}, {0,1}

http://matematikasmp-alid.blogspot.com/2014/03/menentukan-banyaknya-himpunan-bagian.html

Diketahui P {0,2,4}. Banyaknya himpunan bagian P adalah...
2 pangkat 3 = 8
{}, {0},{2},{4},{0,2}, {0,4}, {2,4}, {0,2,4}

Banyaknya himpunan yg memiliki anggota....
Diketahui himpunan Q= {bilangan prima < 13}, banyaknya himpunan bagian yg memiliki 2 anggota adalah...
Langkah 1: himpuan Q terdiri dari {2,3,5,7,11}, ada 5 anggota
Langkah 2: Gunakan segitiga paskal

Simak video serupa yg menjelaskan konsep
1. Himpunan bagian dari suatu himpunan
2. Himpunan bagian yg beranggotakan n bagian
Di link video Pak Danlajanto berikut



Berikut ini contoh lain soal pembahasan UN SMP dari Insight Chamber, Pak Ali yg juga menggunakan konsep segitiga pascal